Approximately 450,000 Australians experience chronic wounds, contributing to an annual healthcare cost of around $6.6 billion. On average, individuals with chronic wounds incur more than $4,000 annually in out-of-pocket expenses.[1] Wounds are an inevitable part of life, ranging from minor cuts and abrasions to surgical incisions and chronic conditions. While the body has an incredible ability to heal itself, proper wound care can significantly impact recovery time and reduce the risk of complications. Understanding how wounds heal and the factors that influence the process is crucial for effective treatment. This guide explores the four key phases of wound healing, practical ways to support recovery, particularly for chronic wounds and essential home wound care dos and don’ts. By understanding these aspects, you can make informed decisions that contribute to improved healing outcomes.
The Four Phases of Wound Healing
Wound healing is a highly coordinated biological process that follows four distinct phases:
1. Hemostasis (Immediate Response)
This phase begins as soon as an injury occurs. The body’s priority is to stop bleeding through vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) and the formation of a clot. Platelets play a crucial role in sealing the wound and releasing signals that trigger the next phase of healing. Applying gentle pressure and keeping the wound clean at this stage can help prevent excessive blood loss and reduce infection risks.
2. Inflammation (First Few Days)
The inflammation phase is the body’s natural defence mechanism. White blood cells rush to the area to eliminate bacteria, debris, and damaged cells, leading to mild swelling, redness, and warmth. While this response is necessary for healing, excessive inflammation can delay recovery. Keeping the wound covered and avoiding irritation can support this stage effectively.
3. Proliferation (New Tissue Growth – Days to Weeks)
Once the wound is free from harmful bacteria and debris, the body begins rebuilding tissue. New blood vessels form, and fibroblasts generate collagen, the protein responsible for wound strength and structure. At this stage, maintaining a moist wound environment is beneficial as it speeds up cell migration and tissue regeneration. Minimising scarring is also a key focus during this phase.
4. Maturation (Final Phase – Weeks to Months)
The last phase of healing involves the strengthening and remodelling of tissue. Collagen fibres are realigned, and unnecessary cells are removed to improve skin integrity. Although the wound may look healed, it remains vulnerable to reopening if subjected to stress. Protecting the area and ensuring adequate hydration and nutrition can enhance long-term recovery.
Factors That Affect Wound Healing
Several internal and external factors can influence the speed and effectiveness of wound healing:
Age – Older individuals may experience slower wound healing due to reduced skin elasticity and a weakened immune response.
Nutrition – Deficiencies in key nutrients, such as protein, vitamin C, and zinc, can delay healing and increase the risk of infection.
Infection – Bacterial contamination can interfere with tissue repair and prolong inflammation, preventing the wound from progressing to the next stage.
Chronic Conditions – Diabetes, poor blood circulation, and immune disorders can impair wound healing by limiting oxygen and nutrient supply.
Smoking and Alcohol – Both can reduce blood flow and oxygen delivery to the wound, hindering the repair process.
What Helps a Chronic Wound Heal Faster?
While most wounds heal within a predictable timeframe, some wounds become chronic, meaning they fail to progress through the normal healing stages. Chronic wounds, such as pressure ulcers, venous ulcers, and diabetic wounds, require additional care and intervention to promote healing.
Here are some key factors that can help a chronic wound heal faster:
Moisture Balance – Maintaining the right level of moisture prevents excessive dryness, which can slow tissue regeneration, while avoiding excessive fluid buildup that may lead to infection. Pressure Management – For wounds on pressure-prone areas, offloading techniques, such as repositioning or specialised support surfaces, can relieve stress and enhance blood flow to the wound site.
Nutritional Support – Adequate protein, vitamins (especially vitamin C and zinc), and hydration play a major role in cellular repair and immune function.
Medical Intervention – If a wound remains stagnant or worsens, seeking professional advice can help determine underlying causes and ensure appropriate treatment, such as advanced dressings, debridement, or antimicrobial therapy.
Home Wound Care: Do’s and Don’ts
Do’s:
Wash hands thoroughly before treating a wound to prevent introducing bacteria.
Clean the wound gently using sterile saline or mild antiseptic to remove debris.
Use appropriate coverings to protect the wound from external contaminants and promote a favourable healing environment.
Monitor for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition and hydration, to support wound recovery.
Don’ts:
Avoid harsh chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide or iodine, as they may damage healthy cells and slow healing.
Don’t remove scabs or dressings prematurely, as this can disrupt tissue formation and prolong recovery.
Avoid tight bandaging, unless directed by a professional, as it may restrict circulation and delay healing.
Don’t ignore persistent pain or worsening symptoms, as these may indicate an underlying infection or complication requiring medical attention.
Allowing a wound to be exposed to air or applying powder can slow down the healing process. [2]
Promoting Better Healing
A well-managed wound healing process not only speeds up recovery but also reduces the risk of infection and scarring. From understanding the body’s natural phases of healing to adopting best practices for wound care, taking the right steps ensures a smoother and more effective recovery. Whether dealing with minor scrapes or more complex wounds, knowing how to care for injuries can make a significant difference in healing outcomes. If a wound isn’t progressing as expected, consulting a healthcare professional is always advisable. By prioritising proper wound care and staying informed about best practices, you can take an active role in promoting better healing and overall skin health. Explore our wound care range to find the products that can assist in supporting the healing process.
References:
1. Wounds Australia. (n.d.). 5-Point Plan to Solve Australia’s Chronic Wound Epidemic. Retrieved from https://woundsaustralia.org/ocd.aspx?action=printsnippet&sid=pg_301&snippet=contentboxcontainer&printtemplate=on&code=&menuItem=5+Point+Plan+2024#:~:text=Chronic%20wounds%20cost%20Australia’s%20health,in%20out%20of%20pocket%20costs.
2. Diabetes Australia. (2020, December 22). A Practical Guide to Wound Care. Retrieved from https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/blog/a-practical-guide-to-wound-care/